Investigation of the Health Implications of Electromagnetic Radiation Emissions from Step-Down Transformers in Akia-Effa, Calabar Municipal, Cross River State, Nigeria
Health Implications of Electromagnetic Radiation Emissions from Step-Down Transformers in Akia-Effa, Calabar Municipal, Cross River State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67254/px8d3y81Keywords:
Emission, Electric field, Magnetic field, Transformer, Step-down, Electromagnetic radiationAbstract
This study was conducted to assess the intensity of electromagnetic radiation emitted from electrical transformers and its potential implications for environmental and public health safety. The research aimed to determine electric and magnetic field radiation (EMFR) levels at varying distances from selected step-down transformers in the Akia-Effa community, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Using an electromagnetic field (EMF) meter, measurements of EMFR were taken at distances of 0m - 100m from two strategically selected transformers under normal load conditions during peak and off-peak hours to assess the effect of load variation. The results revealed that the values of the electric field ranged from 0.035V/m to 0.82V/m and the magnetic field ranged from 0.29µT to 1.17µT, showing a decrease with increasing distance from the transformers, except for some flash points. Statistical (Pearson correlation and linear regression) analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between distance and EF strength (r = -0.62, p =0.041), indicating a decrease in EF with increasing distance. However, no significant correlation was found between distance and MF strength (r = -0.05, p = 0.875). When compared with the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines, the recorded values were significantly below the recommended exposure limits, suggesting minimal risk to residents and the environment. However, the proximity of residential buildings and shops to transformer installations indicates the need for continuous monitoring and adherence to standard setback distances. The study concludes that although the current emission levels pose no immediate health threat, proactive regulation and periodic environmental assessment are essential to ensure long-term public safety as electricity demand and transformer load capacities increase in the community.
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